ENGINEERING FOR DEVELOPMENT

(First Draft)

E J Jefferies

March 1969

CONTENTS

PART 1 THE WORLD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Closing the Gap
Chapter 3 Resistance to Change
Chapter 4 International Technical Assistance

PART II AN ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A PLAN FOR A COUNTRY

Chapter 5 Outline of the Approach
Chapter 6 Setting the Problem
Chapter 7 Basic, Concepts, Terms and Definitions
Chapter 8 Background Data Available
Chapter 9 The Starting Point for a Case Study
Chapter 10 Preliminary Calculations
Chapter 11 Patterns of Economic Growth
Chapter 12 Development Plan for Year 1
Chapter 13 Development Plan for Year 2
Chapter 14 Development Plan for Year 3
Chapter 15 Review of Changes During the Three Years
Chapter 16 The Control of Development
Chapter 17 Financing the Development

PART III THE IMPLICATIONS OF RAPID GROWTH

Chapter 18 Economic Growth and Technological Changes in Rural Communities
Chapter 19 The Influence of Agriculture on Industrial Development
Chapter 20 The Role of Manufacturing Industry
Chapter 21 The Contribution of Industrial Engineering to a Solution

PART IV DESIGNING FOR BALANCE IN DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 22 The Prediction of New Manufacturing Capacity Requirements by Product Group
Chapter 23 The Productivity of Labour
Chapter 24 The Growth of Productivity
Chapter 25 The Calculation of Appropriate Levels of Productivity in New Plants

CHAPTER 8

BACKGROUND DATA

On a nationwide basis, the individual spending habits of the people combine to form an overall pattern of spending for the society as a whole. There are reported each year in United Nations Statistical Year Books.

As an example, the following tables refer to Nicaragua:

TABLE 1 Expenditure on Gross National Product - At Market Prices of 1958

In turn this overall spending pattern, together with the size of population, average level of income and special economic conditions applicable (such as the existence of large sectors of primary production for export; or a well-developed tourist trade) fixes the magnitude of the demand for different services and manufactures, and the pattern of the origin of the wealth of the country.

TABLE 2 Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product - Market Prices of 1958

To complete the picture of the data published yearly by the United Nations which can be used as a basis for the calculations outlined later, the following are also given by Nicaragua:

(From the UN Yearbook of National Account Statistics):

(From the UN Statistical Year Book):

In addition, it is useful if actual information can be found on (a) the total work force and its division between various fields of economic activity; (b) the pattern of income or consumer spending among the population.